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Andrew Vinius
Andrew Vinius ((ロシア語:Андре́й Андре́евич Ви́ниус), ''Andrey Andreyevich Vinius'') (1641–1717) was a Russian statesman and a friend of Peter the Great. He was a member of Peter's close-knit group of friends who organized themselves into the Jolly Company and The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters.
==Life==
Vinius was the son of a Dutch merchant Andries Winius,〔http://research.frick.org/montias/browserecord.php?-action=browse&-recid=1670〕 who in 1627 associated with Isaac Massa and went to Moscovia as a grain trader. In 1628 he married Geertruid van Rijn.〔(City Archives Amsterdam )〕 In 1632, during the time of Michael of Russia, he settled in Russia to found a water-powered ironworks in Tula, Russia, and in Serpukhov. Then he seems to have forced his wife to become either Greek Orthodox,〔(Moderniser of Russia: Andrei Vinius, 1641-1716 By Kees Boterbloem )〕 or Russian Orthodox. Their son Andrew was raised to speak besides Dutch, also Russian and German;〔Marion Peeters, p. 103.〕 he knew French, Polish and Latin too, which he later taught to Peter the Great.〔 Around 1664 Vinius married an aristocratic Russian woman. He became the translator of his second cousin Nicolaas Witsen in 1665, visiting the country in the company of Jacob Boreel. Witsen became his long life friend with their common interesting in cartography.
Vinius, who lived in the German Suburb with the most of the other foreigners of Moscow, served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Between 1672 and 1674 he travelled as a diplomat to London, Paris and Madrid. He then headed, together with his brother, the Post Office,〔 becoming the first Russian Postmaster in 1675.〔 So he was able to send secretly maps and all kind of antique objects to Witsen.
Vinius taught the young Tsarevich Peter Dutch (and Latin?). He often corresponded with Peter, on matters ranging from war games and military strategy to their drunken parties as part of the Drunken Synod.〔 Vinius was also the one who, after the Azov campaigns, arranged the parade into Moscow under a pagan arch that bewildered many Muscovites.[Great Northern War, after the Battle of Narva, Russian artillery was reduced to almost nothing. Peter appointed Vinius to the post of Inspector of Artillery and ordered to produce more cannon. Upon the Tsar's order and against the wishes of many Russians, Vinius melted down many of the church bells of Russia and even ordered beating-by-knout of the iron founders who were working too slowly.〔 By melting a quarter of the church bells in Russia, eight months after the end of the Battle of Narva Vinius managed to produce hundreds of cannon to send to the Russian army.〔 Despite his old age, on Peter's command, he also went into Siberia to look for potential new mines, and ended up establishing several ironworks beyond the Ural Mountains.〔]
In 1700 and in 1706 he came to the Dutch Republic. Winius had lost all of his land and goods, because of a conflict with Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. Winius tried to connect the Greek- or Russian Orthodox and Dutch Reformed church. In 1709 Winius was back in Moscow and received back his property. In 1712 his house burned down; his wife died in the fire.
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